Planning Planning is essential for successful

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New shareholders result in loss of control and more serious agency problems. The risk of litigation increases, including private securities class actions and shareholder derivation proceedings [9] procedures. The IPO procedures in different countries are governed by different laws. In the United States, the IPO is regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1933 《 Securities Act》. [10] In the UK, the British Listing Authority is responsible for reviewing and approving the offer and operating the listing system.


[11] IPO. A book [12] recommends the following seven planning steps： Train impressive engineer database management and professional teams to focus on public market development company business Use accounting principles recognized by IPO to obtain audited financial statements Clean up company behavior Establish anti-acquisition defense measures Develop good corporate governance Create internal rescue opportunities and use IPO window. Retained underwriters The first public offering usually involves one or more investment banks called “ underwriters”.


The company that issued the stock is called “ issuer ” and has signed a contract with the main underwriter to sell its stock to the public. Then, the underwriter makes an offer to sell these stocks to investors. Large IPOs are usually underwritten by the investment bank's “ consortium ”, of which the largest investment bank acts as “ the main underwriter ”. After selling the stock, the underwriter retains part of the revenue as a fee.