and man-made, ComNews experts believe.

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"The cable ages, but this is not the main reason for breakdowns on the line. The main culprit is physical damage. The cable does not always go underground, it is often "overhead" and is subject to weather influences. For example, in Dagestan and Ossetia, the cable is guaranteed to be cut off every spring by landslides and mudflows," explains Eldar Murtazin.

"The simplest and most typical czech republic whatsapp number database reason is a power outage at the reference point where the cable branches into different lines. Backup generators can support communications for some time, but this time is limited," adds Vadim Plesskiy.

He said that small operators, as a rule, rent backup lines from larger ones. Subleasing channels from each other is standard practice when laying your own cable to a certain point is very expensive and impractical.

Representatives of JSC TransTeleCom Company (TTK) and JSC Er-Telecom Holding, which are among the ten largest operators in terms of the length of backbone communication networks, as well as JSC AtomData (Rosatom's Transarctic Communications Operator project), Edinstvo LLC (a subsidiary of Norilsk Nickel that installed the fiber-optic communication line in Norilsk), and FSUE Morsvyazsputnik (which will become the operator of the Polar Express underwater fiber-optic communication line) did not answer ComNews' questions.

"Rostelecom is a country-forming backbone provider. Rather, they rent from it than it does. The exception is Russian Railways, from which Rostelecom rents fiber optics. It is one of the largest holders of optics that are laid along the railway line," Eldar Murtazin specified.

As ComNews was told by the press service of Rostelecom, the company has been using Russian-made cable for many years. Consequently, the previously laid lines and the backup channel do not differ in quality and throughput. The cost of the channel includes design, the cable itself, and work on laying the line, which in the Komi Republic was complicated by weather conditions, intersections with highways, main gas pipelines, and high-voltage power lines. The press service of Rostelecom did not disclose the final cost of the work, citing commercial confidentiality.

According to Eldar Murtazin, "the cable is usually bought abroad." "There is very little Russian production. It is developing, but it is not yet enough to cover our distances. The volume of purchases is hundreds of thousands of kilometers per year," the expert cites data, noting that "today there is no low-quality cable as such, there is one that is suitable for specific tasks."

Vadim Plesskiy provides other data: "As for the optical fiber itself, it is produced in Russia and, according to operators, is of fairly high quality. However, in trunk communication lines, the fiber itself does not make up a very large percentage of the cost. The main costs are for the receiving and transmitting equipment and the actual laying of the cable."

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